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Thursday 26 January 2017

5G Network:Key requirements and features

What is 5G and what it's standards and network,system and device requirements?

5G network system and device retirements and data speed

Content Highlights

  • What is 5G?
  • Who standardizes 5G?
  • NGMN alliance
  • 5G network requirements
  • 5G data speed
  • 5G system requirements
  • 5G device requirements

5G or 5th generation wireless network system, is the proposed next telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G/IMT-Advanced standards.Rather than higher data transfer speeds,a 5G network aims at higher capacity than current 4G, allowing more number of interconnected devices per area unit. 5G network is not just a mobile communication network offering high speed data. 5G network envisage network of different kinds of devices connected using a standardized network backbone,that includes mobile handsets,computers,IoT(Internet of Things) and other electronic devices and machines.

There is currently no international standard for 5G networks.The Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance (NGMN)defines the requirements that a 5G standard should fulfill.The NGMN Alliance was founded by leading international mobile network operators in 2006. The objective is to ensure that the standards for next generation network infrastructure, service platforms and devices will meet the requirements of operators and, ultimately, will satisfy end user demand and expectations.

The vision of the NGMN Alliance is to expand the communications experience by providing a truly integrated and cohesively managed delivery platform that brings affordable mobile broadband services to the end user with a particular focus on 5G while accelerating the development of LTE-Advanced and its ecosystem.



The NGMN Alliance complements and supports standards organizations by providing a coherent view of what mobile operators require. The alliance's project results have been acknowledged by groups such as the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Tele Management Forum (TM Forum) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).NGMN provides inputs to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).The ITU coordinates the shared global use of the radio spectrum.

NGMN expects customer requirements in the 2020+ time frame to result in:
  • Accommodation of massive traffic growth and high density demand
  • A wide variety and variability of services consumed
  • New use cases such as machine type communication (M2M, Internet of Things)
  • Stringent demands for real time communications

5G network Vision by NGMN alliance read as follows:
“5G is an end-to-end ecosystem to enable a fully mobile and connected society. It empowers value creation towards customers and partners, through existing and emerging use cases, delivered with consistent experience, and enabled by sustainable business models.”

5G Network Communication requirements

NGMN Alliance released white paper on 5th generation mobile network on 17-February-2015.The 5G requirements are derived out of NGMN’s vision on 5G network.An abstract of 5G white paper is given below.

User Experience requirements on a 5G network

Data Rate
Data rate requirements are expressed in terms of user experienced data rate, measured in bit/s at the application layer. The required user experienced data rate should be available in at least 95% of the locations (including at the cell-edge) for at least 95% of the time within the considered environment.Use case specific user experienced data rates up to 1 Gb/s should be supported in some specific environments, like indoor offices, while at least 50 Mb/s shall be available everywhere cost-effectively. 

Latency 
Latency means nothing but 'the delay before a transfer of data begins following an instruction for its transfer'.The 5G system should be able to provide 10 ms E2E latency in general and 1 ms E2E latency for the use cases which require extremely low latency

Mobility 
Mobility refers to the system’s ability to provide seamless service experience to users that are moving. In addition to mobile users, the identified 5G use cases show that 5G networks will have to support an increasingly large segment of static and nomadic users/devices. 5G solutions therefore should not assume mobility support for all devices and services but rather provide mobility on demand only to those devices and services that need it.

5G Data Speed(User Experience KPI’s(Key Performance Indicators)/End user experienced data rate)
Use case Category
User Experienced Data Rate 
E2E Latency
Mobility
Broadband access in dense areas
DL: 300 Mbps  UL: 50 Mbps
10 ms
On demand,  0-100 km/h
Indoor ultra-high broadband access
DL: 1 Gbps, UL: 500 Mbps
10 ms
Pedestrian
Broadband access in a crowd
DL: 25 Mbps
UL: 50 Mbps
10 ms
Pedestrian
50+ Mbps everywhere
DL: 50 Mbps  UL: 25 Mbps
10 ms
0-120 km/h
Ultra-low cost broadband access for low ARPU areas
DL: 10 Mbps UL: 10 Mbps
50 ms
on demand: 050 km/h
Mobile broadband in vehicles (cars, trains)
DL: 50 Mbps
UL: 25 Mbps
10 ms
On demand, up to 500 km/h
Airplanes connectivity
DL: 15 Mbps per user 
UL: 7.5 Mbps per user
10 ms
Up to 1000 km/h
Massive lowcost/long-range/lowpower MTC
Low (typically 1-100 kbps)
Seconds to hours
on demand: 0500 km/h
Broadband MTC
See the requirements for the Broadband access in dense areas and 50+Mbps everywhere categories
Ultra-low latency
DL: 50 Mbps
UL: 25 Mbps
<1 ms
Pedestrian
Resilience and traffic surge
DL: 0.1-1 Mbps UL: 0.1-1 Mbps
Regular
communication: not
critical 
0-120 km/h
Ultra-high reliability & Ultra-low latency
DL: From 50 kbps to 10 Mbps;  UL: From a few bps to 10 Mbps
1 ms
on demand: 0500 km/h
Ultra-high availability & reliability
DL: 10 Mbps
UL: 10 Mbps
10 ms
On demand, 0500 km/h
Broadcast like services
DL: Up to 200 Mbps 
UL: Modest (e.g. 500 kbps)
<100 ms
on demand: 0500 km/h
E2E:end-to-end,DL:Download,UL:Upload

5G System Requirements

System performance requirements define the system capabilities needed to satisfy the variety and variability of users and use cases.

Connection Density 
Up to several hundred thousand simultaneous active connections per square kilometre shall be supported for massive sensor deployments. Here, active means the devices are exchanging data with the network. Note this KPI assumes a single operator in the considered area.
Traffic Density 
The 5G network should be able to serve massive number of HTC and MTC devices. In the extreme cases: 
  • Data rates of several tens of Mb/s should be supported for tens of thousands of users in crowded areas, such as stadiums or open-air festivals. 
  • 1Gb/s to be offered simultaneously to tens of workers in the same office floor. 
Spectrum Efficiency 

Spectrum efficiency should be significantly enhanced compared to 4G in order for the operators to sustain such huge traffic demands under spectrum constraints, while keeping the number of sites reasonable

Coverage 
The 5G technology should allow the data rates requirements to be achieved in rural areas with only the current grid of macro sites.


Resource and Signalling Efficiency
Signalling efficiency should be enhanced, so that the related radio resource and energy consumption are minimised and justified by the application needs.For certain IoT/MTC applications, additional measures should be considered to avoid a surge by volume in case a large number of devices attempt to access the network simultaneously.

5G System Requirements 


Use case category
Connection Density
Traffic Density
Broadband access in dense areas
200-2500 /km2
DL:  750 Gbps / km2  UL:  125 Gbps / km2
Indoor ultra-high broadband access
75,000 / km2 
(75/1000 m2 office)
DL:  15 Tbps/ km2 
(15 Gbps / 1000 m2)
UL:   2 Tbps / km2 
(2 Gbps / 1000 m2)
Broadband access in a crowd
150,000 / km2 
(30.000 / stadium)
DL:  3.75 Tbps / km2
 (DL: 0.75 Tbps / stadium)
UL:  7.5 Tbps / km2
 (1.5 Tbps / stadium)
50+ Mbps everywhere
400 / km2 in suburban

100 / km2 in rural
DL:  20 Gbps / km2 in suburban
UL: 10 Gbps / km2 in suburban
DL: 5 Gbps / km2 in rural
UL:  2.5 Gbps / km2 in rural
Ultra-low cost broadband access for low ARPU areas
16 / km2
16 Mbps / km2
Mobile broadband in vehicles (cars, trains)
2000 / km2 
(500 active users per train x 4 trains, 
or 1 active user per car x 2000 cars)
DL: 100 Gbps / km2 
(25 Gbps per train,  50 Mbps per car)
UL:   50 Gbps / km2 
(12.5 Gbps per train, 25 Mbps per car)
Airplanes connectivity
80 per plane 
60 airplanes per 18,000 km2
DL: 1.2 Gbps / plane 
UL: 600 Mbps / plane
Massive low-cost/long-range/low-power MTC
Up to 200,000 / km2
Non critical
Broadband MTC
See the requirements for the Broadband access in dense areas and 50+Mbps everywhere categories
Ultra-low latency
Not critical
Potentially high
Resilience and traffic surge
10,000 / km2
Potentially high
Ultra-high reliability & Ultra-low latency* 
(*) the reliability requirement for this category is described in Section 4.4.5
Not critical
Potentially high
Ultra-high availability & reliability* 
(*) the reliability requirement for this category is described in Section 4.4.5
Not critical
Potentially high
Broadcast like services
Not relevant
Not relevant

5G Device requirements

Smart devices in the 5G era will grow in capability and complexity as both the hardware and software, and particularly the operating system will continue to evolve. They may also in some cases become active relays to other devices, or support network controlled device-to-device communication.
Operator Control Capabilities on Devices 5G terminals should have a high degree of programmability and configurability by the network, for example in terms of terminal capabilities, access technology used, transport protocol used and certain lower layer functions (e.g. error control schemes).
The 5G devices should provide the capability to operators to check the hardware and software platform configuration over the air, the capability to update the smart device’s operating system over the air, and the ability to diagnose the malfunction of devices or malware in smart device plus the ability to fix the problems or update device software that affect end user experience or overall network performance. 

Multi-Band-Multi-Mode Support in Devices 

To enable true global roaming capability, smart devices should be able to support multiple bands as well as multiple modes (TDD/FDD/mixed). Note that IoT/MTC devices which are stationary may not require multiple bands/modes. 
Furthermore, to achieve the high data rates, devices should be able to use multiple bands simultaneously, without impacting the single band performance or network performance. 5G terminals shall support aggregation of data flows from different technologies and carriers. 


Device Power Efficiency 

Battery life shall be significantly increased: at least 3 days for a smartphone, and up to 15 years for a low-cost MTC device


Resource and Signalling Efficiency 
At the device side, the resource and signalling efficiency requirement is even more crucial as frequent signalling has a significant impact on the battery life. 

Connectivity Transparency 
Connectivity transparency is a key requirement for delivering consistent experience in a highly heterogeneous environment. 
5G may involve a combination of radio access technologies (RATs). In addition, given that 3GPP LTE / LTE-Advanced is likely to further evolve within the 5G era, both new RATs and the LTE RAT may be accessible to 5G user terminals. 
Sources:https://www.ngmn.org

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